LAST UPDATE: 2026.04.07 17:22 livetv
HF Propagation – Tricolor Scroll Corect

What is Ham Radio?

A fi radioamator înseamnă să practici comunicații radio în scop personal, educativ sau de cercetare, fără scop comercial. Activitatea este reglementată legal și implică atât cunoștințe teoretice, cât și abilități tehnice. Iată o structurare clară cu detalii tehnice:

  • Licențiere: este necesară o licență emisă de ANCOM, obținută în urma unui examen care testează cunoștințe de electronică, legislație și operare radio.
  • Echipamente utilizate:
    • transceiver (dispozitiv de emisie-recepție);
    • antene (omnidirecționale sau direcționale, în funcție de aplicație);
    • surse de alimentare, uneori amplificatoare de putere.
  • Benzile de frecvență: radioamatorii operează în benzi alocate special, de exemplu:
    • unde scurte (HF): 1,8 MHz – 30 MHz;
    • unde foarte scurte (VHF): 144–146 MHz;
    • unde ultra scurte (UHF): 430–440 MHz.
  • Moduri de comunicare:
    • analogice: CW (telegrafie), AM, FM, SSB (fonie);
    • digitale: FT8, PSK31, RTTY, etc.
  • Propagarea semnalelor: eficiența transmisiunii este influențată de condițiile ionosferice, ciclul solar și ora din zi.
  • Aplicații:
    • comunicare națională și internațională;
    • participare la concursuri și expediții radio;
    • sprijin în situații de urgență, unde rețelele comerciale nu funcționează.

Radioamatorismul este o activitate care îmbină pasiunea pentru tehnologie cu spiritul de explorare științifică și comunitară.

Cod Q Întrebare Răspuns / Declarație
QRA What is the name (or call sign) of your station? The name (or call sign) of my station is …
QRB How far are you from my station? The distance between our stations is … km.
QRC By whom was the station licensed? The station was licensed by …
QRD Where are you bound and where are you from? I am bound for … from …
QRF Shall I return to … to pick up you or your message? Return to … to pick up me or my message.
QRI How is the tone of my transmission? The tone of your transmission is (1. Good; 2. Variable; 3. Bad)
QRL Are you busy? I am busy. Please do not interfere.
QRM Is my transmission being interfered with? Your transmission is being interfered with.
QRN Are you troubled by static? I am troubled by static.
QRO Shall I increase power? Increase power.
QRP Shall I decrease power? Decrease power.
QRQ Shall I send faster? Send faster (… wpm)
QRS Shall I send more slowly? Send more slowly (… wpm)
QRT Shall I cease or suspend operation? I am suspending operation.
QRU Have you anything for me? I have nothing for you.
QRV Are you ready? I am ready.
QRX Shall I standby / When will you call me again? Please standby / I will call you again at …
QRZ Who is calling me? You are being called by … on … kHz (or MHz)
QSA What is the strength of my signals? The strength is … (1 to 5)
QSB Are my signals fading? Your signals are fading.
QSD Is my keying defective? Your keying is defective.
QSK Can you hear me between your signals? I can hear you between my signals.
QSL Can you acknowledge receipt? I am acknowledging receipt.
QSM Shall I repeat the last telegram? Repeat the last telegram.
QSO Can you communicate with …? I can communicate directly or via relay.
QSP Will you relay a message to …? I will relay a message to …
QST Is there a general call to all stations? This is a broadcast message to all amateurs.
QSU Shall I send or reply on this frequency? Send or reply on this frequency.
QSV Shall I send a series of V’s on this frequency? Send a series of V’s on this frequency.
QSW Will you transmit on this frequency? I am going to transmit on this frequency.
QSX Will you listen to … on … kHz? I am listening to …
QSY Shall I change to another frequency? Change to another frequency.
QSZ Shall I send each word or group more than once? Send each word or group twice.
QTA Shall I cancel telegram No. …? Cancel telegram No. …
QTC How many telegrams do you have to send? I have … telegrams for you.
QTH What is your position in latitude and longitude (or according to any other indication)? My position is …
QTR What is the correct time? The correct time is …
QTU At what times are you operating? I am operating from … to …
QTX Will you keep your station open? I will keep my station open …
QUA Have you news of …? Here is news of …
QUC What is the number of the last message you received from me? The number of the last message is …
QUF Have you received the distress signal sent by …? I have received the distress signal at …
QUD Have you received the urgency signal sent by …? I have received the urgency signal at …
QNI May I join the net? You may check in…
QUE Can you speak in … language? I can speak in … on … kHz
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